The economic globalisation leads to the lingual globalisation. The variables which make the linguistic communication globalized are the figure of linguistic communications, migration of people, foreign linguistic communication acquisition, touristry, cyberspace linguistic communications, and international scientific publications. Because of the dominant cultural position of the UK and the USA, English has been developed as a tongue franca. The grounds to organize planetary English are its geographical-historical and socio-cultural beginnings, and it is besides the people ‘s natural demands of their existent societal life, whose comprehensive forces formed from the history and pattern make the spread of English unstoppable in the world.A
Nowadays, because of the impact of globalisation and modernisation, minority or autochthonal linguistic communications worldwide are endangered or the gradual disappearing has become a cosmopolitan phenomenon. The endurance of the universe ‘s lingual diverseness is besides confronting a terrible menace. Concerned about the injury to the universe ‘s lingual and cultural diverseness, the tendency of globalisation of English, and every bit shortly as possible to take countermeasures, how to protect the human lingual diverseness has aroused great concern.
Narrative
Merely half a century ago, any impression of English as a true planetary linguistic communication was but a dim, shadowy, theoretical possibility, surrounded by the political, societal and economical uncertainnesss of that clip, and missing any clear definition or sense of way. Fifty old ages on, the state of affairs of English has become peculiar in that possibly no other linguistic communication has of all time been so of import on a planetary graduated table. Now no 1 would of all time reason that English is the common linguistic communication of our universe.
In today ‘s universe, planetary linguistic communication is a phrase that repeats itself at such a high frequence that few others can surpass. One may bear in his or her head the inquiry of what are the belongingss that could warrant a linguistic communication with such a rubric. Why a linguistic communication becomes a planetary linguistic communication has little to make with the figure of people who speak it. It has much more to make with who those talkers are. They must hold immense power in economic system, military, political relations, etc.
The globalisation of English sups and replaces the linguistic communications of the weak and little states of the universe, and the linguistic communications and civilizations of the weak states are faced with the possible devastation and the menace. Peoples should protect the long-run human accretion and life hoarded wealths of the linguistic communications and civilizations, and to construct a better multi-language and multi-cultural harmonious international environment.A
Partition
The rise of English as a planetary linguistic communication has much to make with, besides its ain traits, Britain ‘s linguistic communication enlargement policies over British colonial period, the rise of America and other English-speaking states in the twentieth century and the acceleration of globalisation, etc. ( Xu 1-2 ) English has become an of import communicating tool for people around the universe. Meanwhile, the hegemony of English has serious effects, among other things ; it has speed up the loss of traditional civilizations for non-English-speaking states and go a menace to universe ‘s cultural diverseness and linguistic communication ecology.
Argument
Some authors ( e.g.Phillpson, Skuttnab-Kangeas ) claim that with the global spread and the constitution of dominant position, English is regarded as a ‘killer linguistic communication ‘ , ( Skuttnab-Kangeas 1996:33 ) , which endangers other linguistic communications and disrupts linguistic communication ecology.
The English gradual globalisation brings the undermentioned several inquiries:
First, People possibly bury the conventions, to be Westernized or Americanized. The monolithic English words and looks, the expressional ways invade other states, so that the celibacy of linguistic communications comes under the influence. What ‘s more, people ‘s ideas have been earnestly twisted.
Second, following the English approach, western civilization in the foundation of the western value system invades the universe, and affects the national civilization ‘s cultural and lingual diverseness.
Third, sing the particular accent on the English survey, it has the influence to the female parent lingua survey, at the same time creates the people mother lingua ‘s trueness bead. Therefore, it poses a serious menace to autochthonal people and linguistic communications.
Fourth, the lone English motion encroaches on the instruction of female parent linguistic communication. The kid English instruction outset age in front of clip. English instruction disbursal is immense. In Beijing, 240,000 the only0-6 year-old metropoliss child cost every bit high as 140,000,000 to 280 million Yuan for English survey every twelvemonth.
In position of the visual aspect of the present phenomena, the “ English invasion ” will be able to make our state ‘s the linguistic communication crisis and the cultural crisis. This is a new colonialism. The linguistic communication is the bearer of civilization. The care of linguistic communication celibacy and the independency, sing maintains cultural system of our state, precautions development of the states play the highly critical function.
Refutation
However, some people hold different sentiments. They think that:
Compared to most other European linguistic communications, such as German or Gallic, English has a minimum grammar, which can be easy used and learned by non-English talkers. However, harmonizing to Spain and Smith, it may be objected that any European linguistic communication will be hard for talkers of oriental linguistic communications, but this is non needfully true. The Japanese, for case, do non see such jobs with Italian and Spanish pronunciation. These illustrations include that the native talkers of the universe ‘s merely other major wide-spread linguistic communication ( Spanish, with around 360 million talkers ) , all find English pronunciation debatable to at least some extent. ( 36 )
Besides, in some cardinal countries of planetary communicating, the English is working linguistic communication. Since English is the most widely spoken linguistic communication, it besides serves as the official linguistic communication in some organisations, such as the U.N. , the Olympic Games, the General Assembly, or other important international scenes. Besides, although English is non spoken by the largest figure of people, it ‘s used in communicating in the most widely dispersed countries. Therefore, more and more people have to utilize linguistic communication at work, for illustrations, the Chinese people in Singapore, Malaysia, etc. English enables China, as a member of this small town, to portion the accomplishments of civilisations the universe over, but the spread of English in China besides brings with it lingual imperialism. ( Liu, Yunfei. Lei, Qing 3-4 ) All in all, it is merely a tendency toward globalisation, which can non avoid or eliminate.
Surely, as an functionary and the most popular linguistic communication, English has been used everyplace by legion people. However, it can non be neglected it ‘s damaging the diverseness of linguistic communications and doing cultural crisis all over the universe. Many people have to talk English at work which means that English proficiency has become the entail status of employment the publicity and this state of affairs forces people to larn English at all cost. In some of import international state of affairss, people use English to pass on or hold a conference. However, really non English can be an official linguistic communication, Gallic or even Chinese can besides assist to do the conferences or events finish successfully.
Peoples all over the universe start to larn English is besides a large ground for the broad use of English. China, for illustration, with a immense population, has excessively much emphasized the foreign linguistic communication instruction. The population of the survey English additions twelvemonth by twelvemonth, some experts forecast that once more several old ages subsequently in China the population of English survey will excel the entire population figure in English female parent lingua state. Besides, the bilingual instruction causes English permutation Chinese to go the teaching nomenclature.
If things continue this manner, the national linguistic communication authorization and the national sovereignty will be in danger. The national sovereignty does non let hovering ; otherwise it will be able to present the menace to the national security. Care of state ‘s characteristic cultural system is the footing of state ‘s development. The care of linguistic communication celibacy and independency can beef up the national emotion, and national cohesive force, to recognize the reunion of the fatherland critical function.
Decision
On the footing of the above analysis, the decision is that to some extent. English does affect linguistic communication diverseness, which manifests in different signifiers harmonizing to different context. In the nucleus English-speaking states, it badly leads to the hazard of many autochthonal linguistic communications. In some periphery-English states, English deprives those province linguistic communications of the right of intellectualisation. Surely, we are unable to avoid English globalisation, but we should besides see English invasion will be able to make a series of societal crisis. First, “ English hot ” causes the people ‘s female parent lingua trueness bead ; Second, the English smartly promotion massively invades single survey energy and the national instruction resources ; Third, English invasion leads to the legal position, the societal place gliding down ; Fourth is more serious that “ English hot ” threaten security of state civilization, leads to the sovereignty losing of national linguistic communication civilization. Given this state of affairs, people can follow some methods: foremost, comprehensively analyze the menace of “ English invasion ” , analysis position of English and other linguistic communications in international society and the hereafter development inclination ; second on the footing of realistic state of affairs and the prognosis consequence we should follow the scheme suits each state ‘s development.
