Other organic fertilizers on rice had already been studied Chaw and Hong( 2005) they used chicken and hog manure, Savoir (2010) used chicken manure, cow manure and chemical fertilizer. Mint et. Al (2010) used cow manure, poultry manure, rice straw + urea and mineral fertilizer, but they focused only on the growth, yield and nutrient accumulation of rice. Tintinnabulation (2009) used tobacco waste as millisecond control of GAS in payday fields, (Philippic) used IMO for the control of GAS and weeds in rice paddies, Massaging&Latip 2012) used Enema crude extract as potential Bio pesticide for controlling GAS.
To address the effect of CRY as organic fertilizer and control of GAS, this present study was carried out. Although many researches in this area have been done for many years, most of the research mainly focused on the impact of organic fertilizer such as chicken dung, cow manure, goat manure, carbon manure and rice compost and chemical fertilizer on major pest and yield production of rice, it generally shows that the compound effect of CRY as organic fertilizer on rice and control of GAS is still clearly have not known.
Here in our locality, most of the farmers are using synthetic chemical fertilizer which is costly and lead to environmentally problems. In light of this problem, the study helps to improve and promote yielding production of crops by using CRY as organic fertilizer which is efficient, effective and low cost at higher yield. Objectives Generally the study attempts to evaluate the compound effect of various levels CRY as organic fertilizer on rice and control of Golden Apple Snail (GAS). Specifically, this aims to 1 . Evaluate the development of vegetative structures of rice as influence of various level of CRY. Number of tillers b. Height of plant 2. Evaluate the development of reproductive structures of rice as influence of various levels of CRY. A. Number of grain per panicle b. Length of panicle c. Number of filled grain per panicle d. Number of unfilled grain per panicle e. Weight of grain per heel f. Weight of grain per 1000 of grain 3. Determine which among the various levels of CRY would give best result. 4. Determine the effect of CRY on GAS in terms of a. Population density b. Degree of infestation c. Mortality rate of Golden Apple Snail d. Rate of reproduction Null Hypothesis Ho.
The various level of CRY shows no effect on morphological development of rice. 1. Reproductive structure of rice No. Of grain per panicle a. B. Length of panicle c. No. Of filled grain per panicle d. No. Of unfilled grain e. Weight of grain per panicle 2. Vegetative structures of rice No. Of tillers b. Height of plant Ho. Various levels of CRY shows no effect on GAS Schematic Diagram dependent variables independent variable Figure 1 . Conceptualized and Relationships among variable The schematic diagram will show the whole concept of the study. There functions are as follows: Independent Variables:
The various levels of Carbonized rice hull were broadcasted to rice that act as control agent of golden apple snail attack on vegetative stage of rice and act as fertilizer or enhancer that contribute to the growth and development of rice. Intervening variables: Cultural management might affect the growth and development of rice and it might also a way to minimize the presence of golden apple snail on rice plant. Dependent variables The effect of CRY on rice and effect of CRY on GAS will be carefully evaluated to measure the effectiveness of carbonized rice hull. Significance of the study
The result of the study generally served as a guide to the following: Farmers. The result would gave them additional information and advance knowledge to lead them to better production with minimum cost at higher yield. And help them utilizing rice compost that contributes wastes to the environment. Rice millers. Help them to learn how to turn waste into cash. Researchers. It serves as a springboard to conduct further related studies which were enhanced production efficiently and economically. Locale of the study The study was conducted on January-April 2014 at SUDSY San Miguel Campus, San Miguel, Surging del Sure.
With a total experimental area of 112. 75 sq meter. Scope and Limitation The study was focused only on the evaluation of compound effect of CRY as organic fertilizer on rice and control of Golden Apple Snail. That includes growth of rice at vegetative stage and reproductive stage. Definition of terms Fertilizer- substance aiding plant growth: an organic substance added to or spread or spread into the soil to increase its ability to support plant growth. Organic – came from animal manure, waste, crop residues, compost and numerous others by product of living organisms, plants nutrients.
Panicle – the grain bearing head of the rice plant. – is an annual cereal grown for its seeds. Rice ARCH- Randomized Complete Block Design, which use in a field experiment which each block has a complete set of treatment. Tillers – the sucker stalks of rice plant. CRY GAS – (Golden Apple Snail) this pest will eat the rice at vegetative stage. Review of the Related Literature and Related Studies This chapter includes Related Literature and Studies relevant to the present study that will serve as basis of concept and reflection to the reliability and viability of study to the researcher.
Related Literature According to Philippic 2008 rice hulls can be carbonized to generate an extra source of income. It is made from incomplete or partial combustion of rice hulls with a carbonized which uses an easily constructed perforated oil drum as the ignition chamber. The process starts with igniting some combustible materials e. G. Paper or chaff and then covering them with the ignition chamber. A mound of rice husk is then made outside the chamber and the draught force that pulls the smoke through the chimney continually draws air in and carbonizes the rice hull.
Once the mound has turned completely black, the carbonized rice hull is transferred to oil drums and sprinkled with water. Carbonized rice hulls can be used to make charcoal briquettes, terrorized or dour suppressant in animal pen and poultry houses. It can also be used as soil conditioner, water purifier, as well as a pest control agent. Rice husk produced as a residue from the rice milling industry can be used as fuel. In a typical rice mill, electricity is required for milling and heat is needed for mechanical payday drying as well as for parboiling.
The silica-rich ash is a useful by-product and can be seed as an insulator in the rough iron industry. Experiments are being conducted to refine silica ash as an alternative source of pure silica dioxide for computer chips. Related Studies Chaw and Hong( 2005) study the effect of organic fertilizers on rice insect pests and diseases, an experiment was carried out in Clung Delta Rice Research Institute (CLERIC) based on the randomized complete block design with three replications. Manure and organic fertilizers have more effective than chemical fertilizer to induce rice plant growth and tolerance to insect pests and diseases.
Their effects exhibited through increasing plant height, number of tillers, SPAS index and decreasing population/incidence of SUB, BP, ELF,Sub, blast. Main mechanism of defense in rice variety was recorded by low nitrogen and phosphate content and high potassium content in rice plant. Application of manure and organic fertilizers was sound effect to protect natural enemies under field condition. Manure compost and organic fertilizer also obtained the same yield as compared to chemical fertilizer by lowering unfilled grains and increasing weight of grains.
The best dose of manure compost and organic fertilizer was recommended as 2. Tons / ha. Slavishly. Al (2010) study the effect of organic fertilizer on growth and yield components in rice. Organic fertilizer can be a better supplement of inorganic fertilizer to produce better growth and yield. All the treatments showed significant influence on growth and productivity of rice. Form the present study it was observed that 1. 5 ton/ha organic fertilizer along with 50 % recommended chemical fertilizer could give similar yield. However, among organic fertilizer treatments the 2. On/ha itself produced the better grain yield compared to others organic fertilizer treatments. From the economic point of view farmers can use the combination of organic fertilizer and reduced rate of inorganic fertilizers to boost the yield of rice as well as to maintain and improve soil health. Mint, Yamaha, Karachi&Zemyo (2010) A rice cultivation study was conducted at Shush University farm. Commander (CM), poultry manure (PM), rice straw + urea mix-application (US),urea (IF) and M-coat, a slow released compound fertilizer (M-coat) were used as the N resources by comparing with no application (Control).
Mineral fertilization gave the highest plant growth and nutrient uptake in one-season cultivation compared to organic fertilizers. However, use of PM-II as organic fertilizer provided the optimal yield and can be adjudged to be environmentally saved. To get the superiority of the PM applications, long term practice maybe necessary. Use of CM and US provided comparatively low yield and nutrient accumulation and further systematic investigation will be necessary to determine the optimal amount and management strategies.
Reliable prediction of mineralizes N and net N normalization of organic matters in wetland soils would help in an efficient and Judicious use of mineral N. An understanding of the relationship between added or soil organic matter and mineralizes N or soil N availability is needed. Tintinnabulation (2009) study the Tobacco waste can be millisecond for Golden Apple snail control in payday field as trialed in 3 experiments e. G. Laboratory, green house and field trial. Tobacco waste at the rate of 1562. Keg/ha can be killed all Golden Apple snails in 2 days without toxicity, water pollution and nicotine in rice grain. Tobacco waste can be increased soil fertility e. G. Organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium. Massaging&Latip (2012) the immunological potential of enema has been proven, beyond doubt by the present investigations. This both enema plant parts can be used as alternative malevolencies to harmful synthetic chemical malevolencies that are widely used today to eradicate unwanted golden apple snail in the payday field.
Utilization of enema-based pesticide early in the rice growing season when young golden apple snail at the predominant life tag would provide effective control and, due to their minimal effects on other aquatic life will reduce the resurgence problem that always occurred when chemical malevolencies are used early in the rice growing season. Therefore, the use of enema as malevolencies are highly recommended because they are toxicological safe, environment friendly, easy to use and have a wide range of insecticidal activity. Related reading. 10068.
This Act shall be known as the “Organic Agriculture Act of 2010”. An act providing for the development and promotion of organic agriculture in the Philippines and for other purposes. It is hereby declared the policy of the State to promote, propagate, develop further implement the practice of organic agriculture in the Philippines that will cumulatively condition and enrich the fertility of the soil, increase farm productivity, reduce pollution and destruction of the environment, prevent the depletion of natural resources, further protect the health of farmers, consumers, and the general public, and save on imported farm inputs.
Utilize environmentally-sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resources and encourage resource conservation and recovery Justification of related literature and studies The aim of this chapter is to gain additional knowledge, information and insight into the serious problem being faced in the country. This provides the researcher to review write-ups, readings and studies related to his present study to determine the similarities and differences of findings between the past and present studies.
Several studies were conducted related to effect of CRY as organic fertilizer of rice and control of GAS; to this study it is different from other studies in geographical aspects. But there are no records of published research documents specifically about the compound effect of CRY: as organic fertilizer on rice and control of golden apple snail. In line tit this, the author pursued this study. CHAPTER 3 Materials and Methods This chapter discusses the materials, methods, and procedures how the study was carried out.
The following are the materials used in the study; Meters stick Carbonized rice hull Record book Calculator Placard seeds (ASS RCA 77) Thresher Plow Ball pen Weighing scale Paint Paint brush Bamboo sticks Methods Sacks and sickles Harrow Sharp bolo Shovel Randomized Complete Block Design (ARCH) method was set up with four (4) treatments replicated with four (4) times. LSI was used in determining the difference among treatments means.
