This diary is prepared by Wm Pitzer from Appalachian State University in the twelvemonth 2006. This diary has defined that the Mise-en-scene is a Gallic word and originates in the theatre. It means ‘put in the scene ‘ . So, for movie, it refer to everything that goes into the composing of the shooting that including framing, motion of camera and characters, design of scene, illuming control, and besides general ocular environment. Sound can assist to lucubrate the composing.
Harmonizing to Wm Pitzer ( 2006 ) , in the movie ‘Snow Falling on Cedars ‘ , the manager Scott Hicks used the blunt beauty of the landscape as deep infinite to provides a background of the movie. The costume, autos, props, edifice, even the telephone wires and visible radiations has put into the scene in order to convey the spectator back in clip. These ocular can assist viewing audiences to place the clip and topographic point in the movie. For the lighting in this movie, most of the courtroom and close ups using subdued lighting.
Wm Pitzer ( 2006 ) stated that this is the best movie that combines a simpleness of signifier with the complexness narrative and secret plan successfully. It is one of the movies that viewing audiences can understand the significance by watching it without the sound.
2.1.2 Mise-en-scene Applied to Level Design: Adapting a Holistic Approach to Level Design ( 2005 )
This diary is prepared by Heather Logas and Daniel Muller in the twelvemonth 2005. The intent of this diary is to understand how utile of the mise-en-scene towards the game degree interior decorator. So, deconstruct the mise-en-scene of a authoritative movie is an of import term for the degree interior decorator in order to make more meaningful and redolent game infinites to the game.
Film theoretician Robert Kolker defined mise-en-scene as: “ the usage of infinite within the frame: the arrangement of histrions and props, the relationship of the camera to the infinite in forepart of it, camera motion, the usage of colour or black and white, lighting, the size of the screen frame itself ” . That means mise-en-scene has includes filming, moving manner, illuming, art way, puting, costume, props, and besides the colour.
Heather Logas and Daniel Muller ( 2005 ) stated that the geographic expedition of the construct of mise-en-scene has allowed film makers to pass on information to the peculiar viewing audiences. Mise-en-scene is a holistic attack in the frame building procedure. Mise-en-scene is the footings to inform everything about the movie, so, film makers can make atmosphere, temper, struggle, tenseness in the filming infinite. The degree interior decorator has to mention mise-en-scene to make temper and atmosphere in the game. In order to accomplish the intent, the author has deconstructed the mise-en-scene of a authoritative movie in this diary – ‘The Reflecting ‘ , directed by Stanley Kubrick.
Harmonizing to Heather Logas and Daniel Muller ( 2005 ) , mise-en-scene is of import to look at assorted facets of the movie ( filming, illuming, moving manner, art way, costume, props and colour ) and how it ‘s work together to make a grater whole.
In the movie ‘The Shining ‘ , the human characters in this movie are dwarfed in relation to other objects. The tilt down shooting that watching the chief character slow advancement up to the mountain has established the supernatural force that is combating with the character. Means the supernatural force is immense and overmastering in order to contrast that human dwarfed by the natural landscape. The scene design is immense and overmastering in this movie, the edifice in this movie has controls what the characters can see or ca n’t see.
The colour has added complexness to the scene. Gold, ruddy, white, pink, orange and bluish colourss are all colourss that dominate the background in this movie. Lighting is an of import facet to making atmosphere in the scene. Propss are used to add tenseness and make temper to scenes in this movie.
Harmonizing to Heather Logas and Daniel Muller ( 2005 ) , mise-en-scene in used in all genres of fill to demo the full scope of human emotion. Degree interior decorators have the chance to go a portion of making more emotional experiences in the games. So, making research to the ways mise-en-scene used in movie can assist those flat interior decorators to accommodate a holistic attack to their ain subject, and it besides can make a deeper sympathetic response with the participant for who created the game.
2.1.3 The Use of Elementss of the Mise-en-scene in a Production of ‘The West Side Waltz ‘ ( 1985 )
This diary is prepared by Jay C. Brown from Texas Tech University in the twelvemonth 1985. This diary has discussed the beginning of the term mise-en-scene, the definition and its possibilities, and the usage of elements of the mise-en-scene in the production of ‘The West Side Waltz ‘ .
Harmonizing to Jay C. Brown ( 1985 ) , a manager by and large has a book, histrions, puting, and other elements which are used in the movie production. But those people are argued that use the mise-en-scene is a right manner or incorrect manner to directing in movie. The manager has to make up one’s mind the most of import country that must be touched in the movie production. Many people are belief that the lighting, costumes and puting are the most of import elements in order to do a successful production.
Puting attending upon the mise-en-scene is one of the ways to convey a theatrical production to the audiences. So, the mise-en-scene has become a portion of the procedure in bring forthing the movie ‘The West Side Waltz ‘ . There have five major elements focused on this movie in order to supply the pragmatism of life in a concrete image to the audience. Which are directing, music, moving, illuming and scenery.
Harmonizing to Jay C. Brown ( 1985 ) , the movie ‘The West Side Waltz ‘ has chosen to utilize many elements of mise-en-scene to convey a position of life to audiences.
This movie was directed to demo the audience the interior workings of the production and besides giving audience the position of realistic to the character, make audience feel that their lives in the movie is possible in the world. The histrions have to construe their functions with realistic manner when on the screen. Facial look, duologue, gestures and motion are the elements of ‘mise ‘ , which the histrions worked to accomplish a beat, and the existent of the character through this beat. The background music helped the histrions in accomplishing a certain beat, because it can put the temper for histrions to the head of the audience. Scenery and lighting is the facets to assist heighten the pragmatism.
2.1.4 The Mise-en-scene of ‘The Belle of Amherst ‘ : The Procedure of the Actress ( 1983 )
This diary is prepared by Debi Buckner from Texas Tech University in the twelvemonth 1983. This diary has analyzed which has served as the primary method for developing a one-man drama character of Emily Dickinson in the movie ‘The Belle of Amherst ‘ by William Luce. The semiotic procedure has become the primary force for her function survey.
Debi Buckner ( 1983 ) stated the end and duty of an histrion is to moving certain truth to the audiences through changing grades and methods of representation. ‘Representation ‘ means a two-face entity associating with a mental construct or signified.
Harmonizing to Debi Buckner ( 1983 ) , the histrion ‘s occupation is to convey a message to the peculiar audiences. They will neglect in their undertaking if their work is so obvious that audiences are more concerned with their attempt than with the message to be conveyed in the movie. Effective usage of the book is the good preventive to avoid this occurrence. So, a complete cognition of the book is of import to the histrion. The semiotic method can assist character in action ; it can take the character to go of course in moving and besides one emotion to the following. Actor does non hold to coerce an emotion come out in anytime. So, the successful consequence is, audiences will believe the histrion appears to be ‘doing ‘ instead than ‘acting as if he is making ‘ . Audiences will bury that they is watching an histrion be person else and concentrate to the full on the feature that making by the histrion.
The function of Emily Dickinson is an good illustration of semiotic method of analysis in the movie ‘The Belle of Amherst ‘ . She is no demand to coerce motives to travel from one to another scene, because she was studied the book in-depth mode. The words can take the emotion to go on ; the key word has initiated a move from one to the following minute in the movie. So, the consequence of her playing was honorable and true. Audiences was bury the actress and her attempts, and paying attending on the character which developed by William Luce.
2.1.5 Analyzing a Postmodernist Script through its Mise-en-scene: An Approach to Richard Foreman ‘s ‘Paradise Hotel ‘ ( 2005 )
This diary is prepared by Patrick A. White from Texas Tech University in the twelvemonth 2005. The end for this survey is to developing a agency of analysing the Foreman ‘s texts that would be sufficient to the work of bring forthing movies that based on other texts that do non impart themselves to the conventional analysis.
Harmonizing to Patrick A. White ( 2005 ) , the extra-textual elements such as music and spectacle can be analyzed at the get downing instead than get down with textual elements such like secret plan and character. The procedure of analysis will be run between textual and extra-textual elements in order to accomplish a cardinal thematic thought, the foundation for a accomplished movie production.
After the analysis of the texts, it will come out the consequences of the thematic thought ; the footing for mise-en-scene will take and determine the resulting movie production. Although this system is different from being a specific production ‘s construct, it can offer a method of covering with the challenges that the film maker will confront.
Patrick A. White ( 2005 ) stated that this sort of analysis is non merely for Foreman ‘s texts, but besides by other texts that are normally accepted the analytical systems.
2.1.6 The British Media and Muslim Representation: The Ideology of Demonisation ( 2007 )
This diary is prepared by Saied R.Ameli, Sameera Ahmed, Syed Mohammed Marandi, Seyfeddin Kara and Arzu Merail for the Islamic Human Rights Commission in the twelvemonth 2007. The intent of this diary is to research the relationship between the perceptual experiences of Muslims and besides the function of domination and demonisation in the cultural linguistic communication of the media.
Harmonizing to the author, Television intelligence, movie and literature have patterns to educate audiences about Islam and Muslims. However, this diary has highlights the institutionalised bias that was embedded that the anti-Muslim bias has no demand to be maliciously motivated or knowing as it was structural.
The author has done the analysis for their representation of Muslims, Islam and Arabs through different movie such as action thrillers ( The Siege – 1998, Executive Decision – 1996 ) , play ( House of Sand and Fog – 2003, East is East – 1999 ) and besides kids ‘s sketchs ( Aladdin – 1992 ) . They found out that the negative stereotypes about Muslims, Islam and Arabs are contains in all genres of movie. The illustrations of Islamophobic discourses, including double discourses of racism and Islamophobia was contains in all genres movie.
2.1.7 The Stereotype Caravan: Appraisal of Stereotypes and Ideology Levels used to Portray Gypsies in Two European Feature Films ( 2003 )
This diary is prepared by Elena Gabor from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in the twelvemonth 2003. This diary was interpreted the two movies from the position of ideological theory that applied in movie. The movies are The Crazy Stranger ( 1997 ) and Time of the Gypsies ( 1989 ) .
Elena Gabor ( 2003 ) found out that the chief common component of these two movies is the hunt for genuineness. The unfamiliar Romani linguistic communication was used in this movie and made usage of cultural and ideological elements that specific to Gypsy environments.
The movie The Crazy Stranger ( 1997 ) portrays the Gypsies in struggle with the dominant cultural Rumanian villagers ; viewing audiences can establish out that many of the stereotypes have an identifying map that is concentrating on physical visual aspect of the Gypsies and Romanians. In the movie Time of Gypsies ( 1989 ) , the film makers has dressed ore to the negative stereotypes in a few characters that is appear violent and careless to their ain relations. While the other characters shows a merely human mixture of positive and negative characteristics. So, this movie is stating the hurt resides within the Gypsy community at the clip.
Harmonizing to Elena Gabor ( 2003 ) , these two movies has win in showing the ideological message that is similar to that presented by historiographers preoccupied with the societal predicament of Gypsy, the rhythm of marginality and favoritism can be broken if different societal groups can work together to work out their jobs instead than still keeping their ain biass and favoritism.
2.1.8 A Review of Contemporary Media ( 2005 )
This diary is prepared by John Hess in the twelvemonth 2005. Through this diary, John Hess ( 2005 ) has defined the political orientation is a comparatively systematic organic structure of thoughts, attitudes, perceptual experiences, and values every bit good as the existent manners of thought of a group of people in a specific topographic point and clip.
Harmonizing to John Hess ( 2005 ) , there have four important makings to the definitions of political orientation. First, the province, instruction, political relations, faith, jurisprudence and other activities is an indirect stuff of political orientation. Second, the governing category political orientation has purposes to rule the society although it ne’er had been making so wholly. Third, the political orientation has nowadayss an inaccurate, uncomplete, distorted apprehension of societal world in the society. Last, although the governing category political orientation is in general, each look of it such as thoughts, the province, the legal system, films and so on is mediated. So, many American movies lies in their onslaught on facets of businessperson political orientation ( individuality and thoughts about the household ) and life.
John Hess ( 2005 ) stated that movie ‘s political orientation today has creates a job that people have narrowed the range of well. Peoples merely concern their egos with the relation between the certain short periods of capitalist economy in their state. So, the possible relation between the forms of sexism and racism in workplace and the manner people are portrayed in the movies is the point for farther treatment.
2.1.9 Ideological Discourse Analysis ( 1996 )
This diary is prepared by Teun A. Van Dijk from the University of Amsterdam in the twelvemonth 1996. This diary has summarized the theoretical premises that developed in the current undertaking of the author on the discourse and political orientation, and besides discussed about some specific issues that have been ignored in the pattern of ideological discourse analysis.
Harmonizing to Teun A. Van Dijk ( 1996 ) , the political orientations can specify as the systems that are at the footing of the socio-political knowledges of groups in the movie ‘Rosenberg ‘ ( 1988 ) . The political orientations has organized the attitudes of societal group in dwelling of schematically organized the general sentiments about the relevant societal issues such as atomic energy and abortion in the movie ‘Eagly and Chicken ‘ ( 1993 ) .
Teun A. Van Dijk ( 1996 ) stated that a assortment of dianoetic constructions and schemes might be used in order to show the ideological beliefs and besides the societal or personal sentiments derived from them. The scheme of political orientation can be positive self-representation and negative other-representation.
So, the positive self-representation will be concealing or deny their negative Acts of the Apostless or belongingss to others and demo their good images. For the negative other-representation, they will stress the negative Acts of the Apostless of other peoples in order to do their image negative.
2.1.10 Ideology and Film: Critical Methods ( 1991 )
This diary is prepared by Douglas Kellner in the twelvemonth 1991. He stated that the construct of political orientation is to assail thoughts that are to do the opinion category hegemony as legitimated in the society. Which is to feign the peculiar involvements as the general involvements, it will perplex or cover over category regulation, and which therefore served the involvements of category domination.
Douglas Kellner ( 1991 ) argued that the political orientation contains discourses and figures, constructs and images, myths and theoretical places. Such as the enlargement of the construct of the political orientation is evidently opens the manner of how the political orientation maps within the popular civilization and people day-to-day life, images and figures constitute a portion of the ideological representations of race, sex, and category in the movie and so on.
Harmonizing to Douglas Kellner ( 1991 ) , ideology refers to chiefly, which those thoughts that legitimate the peculiar category regulation of the capitalist opinion category, political orientation is those sets of thoughts to advance the capitalist category economic involvements.
2.2 Theories and Concept Applied
Mise-en-scene and Ideological theoretical accounts will be included in this survey in order to accomplish the aim and replying the inquiry of survey. Further account will be the undermentioned.
2.2.1 Mise-en-scene
Timothy Corrigan ( 1994 ) defined that the mise-en-scene is a Gallic term that approximately translated as “ what is put into the scene ” ( put before the camera ) . The mise-en-scene refers to all belongingss of a cinematic image that exist independently of the camera place, camera motion and besides redacting. He stated that mise-en-scene has includes costumes, sets, illuming, the quality of the playing and other forms, objects, and characters in the scene.
Harmonizing to Graham Roberts and Heather Wallis ( 2001 ) , there have three elements in the building of the movie linguistic communication. Which is Mise-en-scene ( What is to be filmed ) , Cinematography ( how it is filmed ) , and besides Editing ( how that stuff is put together ) . These clearly differentiate the significance on these three elements. The different of filming and mise-en-scene is, the filming is a signifier of picture taking, this may done how and where to put the camera before hiting, mise-en-scene is the Gallic term that means literally ‘placed on phase ‘ , so, what is placed in forepart of the camera called mise-en-scene.
There have five elements of mise-en-scene which are the scene, costume and make-up, lighting, infinite and besides figure, look and motion.
First, puting, the puting able to gives audiences a sense of topographic point ( where ) and clip ( when ) in the movie. In this diary, Graham Roberts and Heather Wallis stated that the scene can look to be natural, such like the background of house, office, street, metropolis where the character unrecorded, or it can make the sense of the antic and other-worldly frequently seen in the scientific discipline fiction movies such like Star Wars ( 1977 ) and Alien ( 1979 ) . The scene can besides supply us with information such as where and when the action takes topographic point, temper, characters, type of narrative and the genre of the movie. There have confronted with a basic split within film-making and so speculating about movie in formalism, expressionism versus pragmatism. The formalism stresses that how things are shown instead than merely what takes topographic point, it need to see the movie is art when it goes beyond a representation of world to go something more than world. Expressionism has rejected realist manners of representation. So, the expressionist movies are extremely stylized. Realism claims that movie ‘s strength is its particular relationship with the existent universe. So, all the things put in the scene must be similar with the existent universe.
Michael Rabiger ( 2003 ) stated that the blocking, which including the planning locations of the histrions in relation to each other, the action in relation to the scene or location, camera arrangement in relation to histrions and puting. For the camera, refers to filmstock and processing, or colour scenes in the scene, this is include the pick of lens, composing of the scene, camera motions and coverage in the redaction procedure.
Harmonizing to Timothy Corrigan ( 1994 ) , the powerful semblance of pragmatism of the movie is the major ground for our inclination to overlook and to underestimate the mise-en-scene in the peculiar movie. The semblance of pragmatism in the movie is a sort of mise-en-scene that makes viewing audiences believes that the images of everyday in world are merely in the movie. So, the vesture, the places and besides the props is an of import component in order to use pragmatism in the scene.
Graham Roberts and Heather Wallis ( 2001 ) besides defined the costume and makeup. They stated that costumes are in a sense portion of the scene. The costume can distinguish the societal category, cultural background and character traits. In the procedure of watching a film, it ‘s requires viewing audiences to do an instant judgements that they like the character or non by detecting frock. Makeup and personal props are included in costume ; costume has gives audiences a sense of clip, topographic point and word picture every bit good as type of narrative and genre. So, the makeup is of import in keeping the semblance created by a peculiar scene. The alterations of costume can besides foreground the alterations in a character state of affairs or feeling.
Harmonizing to Graham Roberts and Heather Wallis ( 2001 ) , the ‘figure ‘ in figure, look and motion screens range of possibilities, it can be a character and besides could be an object or animate being. Generally we will believe this as ‘acting ‘ . This is made up of the ocular elements of organic structure linguistic communication, visual aspect and facial looks. Body linguistic communication is of import because usually when we covering with others, we can judge other people by detecting organic structure linguistic communication. The placement of characters within the frame can make the relationship between them. Facial look is besides of import portion of moving. Audience tends to follow the oculus motions of the character in the movie.
Timothy Corrigan ( 1994 ) argued that many authors have erroneously believed that these theatrical characteristics are slightly unworldly subject for analysis, because they appear to be more a portion of a dramatic tradition than a portion of a cinematic tradition. For some other authors, analysing the narrative or the camera work is more of import than measuring the quality of moving by histrions or actresses. He besides stated that the tools and the footings of mise-en-scene are the keys to the of import characteristics of any movie.
Last, the picture taking is composing in visible radiation. Without light, there have no object can be seen in movie. Lighting is besides an of import component in mise-en-scene. Beside light, visible radiation besides helps the spectator to build significance from the images, because different manner of visible radiation can make different manner to the peculiar scene. There are four major characteristics of movie illuming which is strength, beginning, way and coloring material. Under strength is the difficult lighting and soft lighting. For light beginning, it can be natural ( sunlight, firelight ) or unreal ( lamps ) . Direction is the way of visible radiation to the object lit. Different way of illuming can make different temper to the object that have been illuminate. Colours carry their ain symbolic significances. Warm coloring material represent to familiarity, felicity and relaxation, cold color represent unhappiness and tenseness. Graham Roberts and Heather Wallis ( 2001 ) has quoted the sentence “ The proper usage of visible radiation can embroider and dramatise every object ” by Josef von Stemberg. Means, the lighting is the of import component in order to dramatise peculiar object in the scene.
Harmonizing to Robert Kolkerk, the point of position means what a character sees in the scene, it is built out of the basic cinematic units of shooting and cut. Viewing audiences will presume that what they are seeing in the scene is what the character is seeing if a shooting of a character is looking at someplace is followed by a shooting of an object or another individual in the scene.
Robert Kolkerk ( 2002 ) stated that the most effectual component in the movie is the first-person in movie by making interplay of regards through the intercutting of the peculiar characters who look and the people or things that they are looking at. Mute 3rd individual voice is largely narrated in the movie, the supervising oculus of the camera and the commanding motions of the film editing. The point of position of the first individual in the movie can construct into this general 3rd individual construction, jointing it with the strength of the single regard.
2.2.2 Ideological Models
Political orientation refers to a set of beliefs that is about the society and the nature of the universe that is involved some judgements such as what is right or incorrect, good and evil, justness and unfairness, societal order, jurisprudence and human nature. The political orientation can be in different positions, which is from individuality, gender dealingss, importance of household life, race, history, political relations and other human related affairs.
Ideological theoretical accounts refer to the relationship between the movies and society in footings of the representation of societal and political worlds. So, most of the movies would add in the ideological elements into the secret plan or narrative.
Based on the ideological theoretical accounts, viewing audiences are able to larn something from the peculiar movie that is depicted ideological elements. This is able to do viewing audiences believe that the political orientation in the movie is same with the world ; even this is non existent in 100 % . This theoretical account is the purpose of the film makers that they try to alter spectator ‘s heads or belief.
The ideological theoretical accounts have six attacks which are 1 ) Studies of Hollywood Hegemony, 2 ) Feminist Studies, 3 ) Race Studies, 4 ) Class Studies, 5 ) Postcolonial Studies, 6 ) Queer Theory. All these attacks will be defined in chapter three.
2.3 Drumhead
By analyzing the diaries about mise-en-scene, it can assist me to cognize more about the application of mise-en-scene in other different movie. The thoughts of the authors are a good guideline for me in order to making analyze about mise-en-scene.
Besides that, by analyzing the diaries about the ideological elements in the movies, it ‘s giving me a better apprehension of ideological theoretical accounts. Its aid me to hold a clearer thought and way in order to accomplish the aim of this survey.
