Venus is one of the most beautiful and teasing heavenly organic structure. It is much closer to Earth than any other planets. Venus is a superb object in the dark sky and sometimes brighter than any other stars in the celestial spheres. Merely the Sun and the Moon outshines her. Like the staying planets. Venus revolves around the Sun inside the solar orbit of the Earth. Thus. Venus can either be a forenoon or eventide star. 1 Her name. Venus. comes from the Roman goddess of love and beauty. Venus. as a planet. is instead frustrating.
She hides herself in a thick white head covering of clouds and no one clearly seen her surface. 2 The uranologists are force to prosecute in an extended attempt to uncover secrets of her for they know a small about it. The chief intent of my paper is to demo some facts about Venus and besides intensify the cognition of the readers. Venus possesses some characteristics that are about the same as Earth’s. One of this is that Venus is closely the same size and weight as Earth. Just a small smaller in diameter and igniter in weight. Its gravitation besides holds confined an ambiance about the size of our ain. 3 Venus internal construction is similar to Earth’s as it is composed of crust. mantle and nucleus. That’s why Venus is frequently thought of as Earth’s twin.
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1Robert Leo I. Heller. “Planets Inside the Orbit of Earth. ” Challenges to Science ( Montreal: McGraw-Hill Book Inc. . 1979 ) . p. 402.
2Gerald S. Hawkins. “Venus and Mars. ” Splendor in the Sky ( London: Harper and Row Publishing House. 1961 ) . p. 122.
3Mark O. Palin. “Venus. ” The Physical World ( Miami: Hunter-Dee Book Inc. . 1999 ) . p. 99 But in other ways. Venus appears to be rather different from Earth. First. Venus rotates in a really unusual mode. Most of the planets rotate counterclockwise while Venus rotates clockwise or backward. Then. Venus may hold atmosphere but it wouldn’t be able to back up life as you know like Earth. Its ambiance is made up of more than 90 % of Carbon Dioxide and about no Oxygen. Her temperature excessively is high which is 100 times greater than Earth’s and plenty to run Lead. 4 Unlike other planets. Venus surface is ne’er seen though many scientists claimed to hold a glance of it through cloud gaps which seems really improbable because her dense clouds are 100s of stat mis deep.
5 Venus. though revolving around the Sun. ne’er experiences twenty-four hours and dark because of the midst. ash-like clouds covering it. It is dark for sunshine does non perforate the clouds. What is the surface of the Venus like? Some uranologists said that Venus’ surface is covered by big mountain scopes and deep swamps. Peoples who don’t cognize much about Science think that Venus is covered with glowing Waterss. But. harmonizing to Galileo’s old diary. Venus is impossibly covered by H2O because of its high temperature. The best conjecture today is that Venus is chiefly a huge and flaxen desert. The desert is level. for wind-driven sand has long ago worn down the hills and filled in the hollows. It is dry. for rain can non fall on it and it is certainly unable to back up life. 6
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4Heller. p. 403.
5Roy A. Gallant. “Exploring Venus. ” Man’s Reach for the Stars ( New York: Doubleday and Company Inc. . 1959 ) . p. 146.
6Patricia C. Lauber. “Mercury and Venus. ” All about Planets ( New York: Random House Inc. . 1960 ) . p. 56. Venus is largely covered by volcanic home bases because of her high temperature. The surface has been badly fractured and folded by emphasiss caused by convection of the Venusian mantle because of frequent volcanic eruptions. Radar images indicate that the Highlandss on Venus have rougher surfaces than Earth’s land signifiers because its images shows mini magma detonations inside. 7 The visible radiation emitted by Venus which makes her radiance in the morning or eventide perchance comes from the great bolts of lightning or from volcanic eruptions. 8 Explorations on Venus cost many efforts in garnering informations to turn out some bing parts of her.
Soviet Union and USSR investigations are one of the most eager uranologists in analyzing the cryptic planet. Venus. Venera 1 or besides called Venus 1 is the first investigation sent by USSR in 1961. The Venera 1 is said to be a failed mission because the investigation merely flew past on Venus. This event is said to be a deja vu for the 2nd investigation. Venera 2. sent by the Soviet Union in 1965. experienced the same miscalculated way as it flew past on Venus excessively. The 3rd investigation. Venera 3. still sent by Soviet Union in 1965. is besides a failed one but it touches the Venus surface because the investigation clangs on it. Scientists reported that they had maintained regular wireless communicating with the 3 failed investigations but the signals were lost before it reaches Venus outermost atmosphere. 9
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7“Venus. ” Compton’s Encyclopedia ( U. S. A. : Compton’s Learning Company. 1996 ) . 19:408.
8Lauber. p. 54.
9Robert W. Peterson. “USSR and U. S. Send Probes to Venus. ” Space: From Gemini to the Moon and Beyond ( New York: Facts on File Inc. . 1972 ) . p. 102.
Venera 4. a investigation sent by USSR in 1967. is the heaviest Venus investigation known to hold been launched by USSR. As the investigation reaches Venus’ atmosphere. it was burned into ashes but fortunately a parachute system operated by the USSR’s orbiter swimmingly descended into Venus’ surface. This investigation successfully sent information about Venus to the NASA sing its atmospheric force per unit area at the surface of the planet might be every bit high as 22 times the Earth’s and subsequently proved that its ambiance was largely composed of Carbon Dioxide. But. Venera 4 stopped directing out of the blue ; it seems that fierce air currents and intense heat destroyed the investigation. Venera 1. 2. 3 and 4 are all remote-controlled investigations.
Alongside of establishing the Veneras. Mariner 1. a 3D Venus investigation launched by USSR in 1962. veered off-course and was destroyed after establishing but Mariner 2. launched in the same twelvemonth. flew successfully and provided a big sum of informations to NASA. Mariner 5 of USSR. launched on 1967. flew within 2. 480 stat mis of the surface of the Venus and collected some information about Venus’ environment and therefore. contradicted Venera 4’s collected information. 11 Soviet remote-controlled investigations. Venera 5 and Venera 6. reached the planet Venus. Though Venera 5 merely stopped in the thick of Venus’ atmosphere. Venera 6 is at that place to prosecute on come ining the planet’s atmosphere and it successfully did. Venera 6 sent informations about Venus holding land signifiers such as mountain scopes and vents. 12
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10Peterson. p. 103.
11Peterson. p. 104.
12Peterson. p. 211.
The USSR’s unmanned ballistic capsule Venera 7. launched in 1971. was the last investigation sent to Venus. Venera 7 is the most successful investigation because it sent countless of information about the planet. These are: Venus’ temperature was above normal. Venus’ don’t experience dark and twenty-four hours. Venus revolve backward and many information that are helpful in larning the planet Venus. 13 Today. NASA is seeking to make Venus once more by directing 2 manned investigation flyby by utilizing the Apollo plan. Meaning. a adult male will be siting the investigation but he is prohibited ongoing outside the investigation if he is in the locality of Venus’ atmosphere every bit said in Apollo Program.
14 In these given informations. we can state that Venus is non merely a mere planet go arounding around the Sun. but a planet full of enigmas. It may non rouse our senses but it can jab our curiousity by inquiring inquiry of what’s and how’s about her. In the scientific discipline promotion today. more facts will be known about Venus. Powerful radio detection and ranging and other instruments will examine its midst clouds. mapping the surface and clocking the rotary motion. Satellites and projectiles will relay back information on what the clouds are made of. Someday. valorous adventurers may fall through clouds and get down discovering. The more spots and pieces of informations we can roll up from the planets. the better opportunities for us of reading our ain history.
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13Peterson. p. 258.
14Jeffrey K. Wagner. “Venus. ” Introduction to Solar System ( U. S. A. : Saunders College Publishing. 1991 ) . p. 185.
BIBILIOGRAPHY
Gallant. Roy A. “Exploring Venus. ” Man’s Reach for the Stars. New York: Doubleday and Company. Inc. . 1959.
Hawkynss. Gerald S. “Venus and Mars. ” Splendor in the Sky. London: Harper and Row Publishing House. 1961.
Heller. Robert Leo I. “Planets Inside the Orbit of Earth. ” Challenges to Science. Montreal: McGraw-Hill Book Inc. . 1979.
Lauber. Patricia C. “Mercury and Venus. ” All about Planets. New York: Random House Inc. . 1960.
Palin. Mark O. “Venus. ” The Physical World. Miami: Hunter-Dee Book Inc. . 1999.
Peterson. Robert W. “USSR and U. S. Send Probes to Venus. ” Space: From Gemini to the Moon and Beyond. New York: Facts on File Inc. . 1972.
Wagner. Jeffrey K. “Venus. ” Introduction to Solar System. U. S. A. : Saunders College Publishing House. 1991.
“Venus. ” Compton’s Encyclopedia. U. S. A. : Compton’s Learning Company. 1996.